Brazilian researcher. He holds a Master's degree and is a PhD candidate in Linguistic Studies at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). He holds a specialist certificate in Didactics, Teaching Practices, and Educational Technologies from the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), a specialization in Teacher Training for the Digital Culture from the State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), and a specialization in Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis in Advertising and Propaganda from the University of Araraquara. He earned his degree in Psychology from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais. He is a technical-administrative staff member at the Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG). Lattes CV: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3054450943770058. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-1921. Email: fabio.nunes.fln@cefetmg.br.
This review summarizes Hate speech in social media: linguistic approaches (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023), edited by Isabel Ermida. The work analyzes the linguistic mechanisms of hate speech. Part I proposes a five-factor annotation model (content [prejudice], target [disadvantaged group], purpose [harm], agent [dominant group], and channel [public]) to differentiate hate from aggression. Part II studies structural patterns, including natural language processing for opinion markers, first-person aggression verbs, and emotional deixis. Part III examines rhetorical strategies, such as humor, figurative language, rhetorical questions, "enabling concepts," and derogatory neologisms. Finally, Part IV addresses the interactional dimension, presenting studies on misogyny, body shaming, gender differences in affective markers, and hate counter-discourse. The review acknowledges the book's methodological refinement but points out that the strictly linguistic delimitation may restrict the analytical horizon.
